Truman’s Policy of Containment: As related to the Individual and Socie

Trumans Policy of Containment As related to the Individual and association Containment in foreign policy is known as the strategy suggested by George Kennan to prevent Soviet expansionism by exerting counter pressure along Soviet borders. The Truman belief was the name given to a speech President Truman delivered to a joint session of Congress on March 12, 1947, in which he proclaimed a new policy and role for the United States in global affairs. Specifically, the president sought $400 million in economic and military assistance for Greece and Turkey, 2 strategic Mediterranean countries threatened by subversive forces supported by the Soviet Union, after the British said a month earlier that they could no longer provide the needed support. To justify aid for Greece and Turkey to a skeptical Congress, Truman placed the situation in the context of broader changes that he saw winning place in global politics. Truman felt that the peoples of a number of countr ies had totalitarian regimes forced upon them against their will. At the time the United States had made frequent protests against coercion and intimidation, in violation of the Yalta agreement, in Poland, Rumania, and Bulgaria, but those protests proved insufficient. Truman declared that the United States must now be willing to help free peoples to maintain their free institutions and their field of study integrity against aggressive movements that seek to impose upon them totalitarian regimes. The sweeping language of the speech and the worldwide commitment to assist any state threatened by totalitarianism gained it the status of a doctrine and a lasting policy for the United States. The speech became a declaration of Cold War. The issue was begin... ...hat they wanted to impertinent the way it under a communist regime. As related to the humanities based theme of the individual and society Truman and his policy of containment helped improve the way we look for at life and the status of the world at the time and now. Bibliography - A Report to the National Security Council, April 14, 1950, p. 5. - Congressional Record, vol. 93, pt. 2, March 12, 1947, pp. 1980-81. - The Parenthetical Passages from Mr. X George Kennan, The Sources of Soviet Conduct, Foreign Affairs (July 1947), pp. 566-82. - Kagan, Donald. The Western Heritage, 6th edition. pp. 1075-77. - Mansbach, Richard. The Global Puzzle. pp. 112-13. - 5 Apr. 1999. http//www.trumanlibrary.org/photos/av-photo.htm (20 Apr. 1999). - 31 Mar. 1999. http//www.earthstation1.com/Miscellaneous_wwII_pictures.html (20 Apr. 1999).

ozone layer :: essays papers

ozone layerSummary of Learning of the Ozone ExperienceOn the 16th of September 1987, negotiators get together in Montreal finalized a landmark in international environmental diplomacy the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer. The Successful Conclusion of the negotiations in Montreal was widely hailed at the time as a historic even. As the protocol was the most ambitious attempt ever to combat environmental degradation on a global scale. In the 10 years since that meeting in Montreal, the accord has set in motion myriad actions by national governments, international organizations, scientists, mysterious enterprises, and individual consumers.The results are take a crap by 1995, global production of the most significant ozone-depleting substance (ODS) the chlorine, containing chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) was down 76 percent from its peak in 1988. But three is a substantial lag between the time when emissions begin to decline and the point at which the ozone layer begins to recover, as it takes years for CFCs and other(a) ozone-depleting compounds to reach the stratosphere, and some last for centuries once there. Yet it is clear that the Montreal Protocol ushered in a new era of environmental diplomacy. Although in some ship canal the ozone story is an inspiration, in other respects it is a cautionary tale.Since its beginning, the ozone experience has been characterized by a path breaking partnership between scientist and international policymakers. When CFCs were invented in the late twenties, they were viewed as wonder chemicals nontoxic, nonflammable, non-corrosive, and stable. The seeds of the Montreal Protocol were sown in 1974, when chemist Mario Molina and Sherwood Rowland at the University of California at Irvine published a landmark condition in Nature. It hypothesized that the stability CFCs, while an asset for industrial applications, might prove deadly for the ozone layer.Yet the scientific process was initially slow to yield clear answers. Indeed, models in the early eighties suggested that CFCs would cause less severe ozone depletion than Molina and Rowland had initially hypothesized. Fortunately, the scientific collaboration initiated years earlier began to bear fruit. Two months after the capital of Austria agreement was reached, a scientific bombshell provided a much-needed jolt to protocol negotiations just then getting under way. The findings took the origination by surprise no such precipitous decline had been predicted by any atmosphere models. Ten years after the historic Montreal signing ceremony, the response to the protocol around the world has been substantial indeed.

Contrasting Settings in A Midsummer Nights Dream :: comparison compare contrast essays

Contrasting Settings in A Midsummer Nights Dream William Shakespeares play, A Midsummer Nights Dream offers awonderful personal line of credit in human mentality. Shakespeare provides insight into mansconflict with the rational versus the emotional characteristics of our behaviorthrough his settings. The rational, logical side is represented by Athens, withits flourishing government and society. The excited emotional side isrepresented by the fairy woods. Here things do not make sense, and mysticalmagic takes the place of human logic. Every neural impulse may be acted upon withouta forethought to there outcome. The city of Athens represents the epitome of civilized man. Ruled bythe legal philosophys of man and kept in acquire by societys own norms. The human struggle tosuppress its unrestrained and irrational tendencies, still being undertakentoday, discourages the civilized man from making rash and foolish actions.Thus each action should have a sound and logical purpose, based on the socialnorms. In the play, Egeus, the father of Hermia, has thoughtfully chosen whathe considers an acceptable pair off to wed his daughter. Egeus most likely basedhis decision on economic, political, and social factors in his choosing ofDemetrius. He is making a reasonable decision based on Hermias future in theirsociety. Unfortunately Hermia is smitten by Lysander and vice versa. Althoughher father may have made his decision with every good intension, keeping withthe conventional customs of his day, and even perhaps taking into considerationsuch things as attractiveness, he failed to foresee the desires of his daughter.The young Lysander, who like most young men, cares little for the rules ofsociety, is automatic to break tradition and flee Athens to obtain Hermia.Therefore they must leave the rational Athens to enjoy their irrational love. Theseus, the king of Athens, is the highest symbol of law and order inhis dry land. After winning a war with another kingdom, he ch ooses to marrytheir queen, Hippolyta. His decision may very well have been animate by love,but the political ramifications of their marriage is a more plausible rationale.In fact Theseus apparent love for Hippolyta seems almost as an added reward toan already beneficial partnership. Whether any attraction was there or notprobably would not have made a difference. As king, Theseus must place thekingdom before his own feelings. It simply comes with the position. In short Athens represents the desire to suppress feelings and impulsesand to make decisions based on logic. Thus it does not give the might of rawemotion the true respect it requires, for man is both emotional and rational.

Jane Eyre :: Literature Books Papers

Jane Eyre Social class notation is very evident in Victorian England. This distinction is found not only in society, but also indoors the Anglican Church and its clergy. In Jane Eyre we are introduced to three Anglican ministers who represent divers(prenominal) social classes. They are Jane Eyres father the Reverend Brocklehurst, the administrator of Lowood Institution and Reverend St. John Rivers, the curate of a small realm parish at Morton and possessor of Moor House. Comparing the way these clergyman are viewed by society establishes the adherence to the same social class structure within the church as is evident outside the church. Contrasting clergy from the same religious sect shows that class status was also reflected in some methods of practicing the Anglican faith. The frontmost clergyman introduced in the novel is Janes father. We learn of him as Jane does, through a third person. Jane cops a servant, leave out Abbott, discussing Janes lineage with another serva nt, Bessie. Jane hears Miss Abbott say close her father My father had been a poor clergyman, my capture had married him against the wishes of her friends, who considered the match beneath her my grandfather Reed was so irritated at her disobedience he cut her off without a shilling (37 ch. 3). Young girls, especially of the upper class, were supposed to follow their parents wishes in regards to whom they should marry. In choosing a clergyman from a lower social class, Mrs. Eyre sacrifices her social standing as well as her familys care and support. The fact that Janes mother was banished for her marriage reflects the disrespect felt by the upper class for marrying beneath their class. Jane knows from her treatment by the Reeds that she is a poor relation. John Reed emphasizes this when he tells Jane You befuddle no commerce to take our books you are a dependent, mama says you have no money your father left you none you ought to beg, and not live hear with gentlemans children l ike us (23 ch. 1). The fact that Janes father left her no inheritance was a reflection of his position as a clergyman. Indeed if her parents had lived she electrostatic would have been poor. In Alan Haigs The Victorian Church, we learn of the wages paid to the clergy. The text states that The income earned by the clergy are so scanty as to likely to straiten a married man (qtd.Jane Eyre Literature Books PapersJane Eyre Social class distinction is very evident in Victorian England. This distinction is found not only in society, but also within the Anglican Church and its clergy. In Jane Eyre we are introduced to three Anglican ministers who represent different social classes. They are Jane Eyres father the Reverend Brocklehurst, the administrator of Lowood Institution and Reverend St. John Rivers, the curate of a small country parish at Morton and owner of Moor House. Comparing the way these clergyman are viewed by society establishes the adherence to the same social class st ructure within the church as is evident outside the church. Contrasting clergy from the same religious sect shows that class status was also reflected in some methods of practicing the Anglican faith. The first clergyman introduced in the novel is Janes father. We learn of him as Jane does, through a third person. Jane hears a servant, Miss Abbott, discussing Janes lineage with another servant, Bessie. Jane hears Miss Abbott say about her father My father had been a poor clergyman, my mother had married him against the wishes of her friends, who considered the match beneath her my grandfather Reed was so irritated at her disobedience he cut her off without a shilling (37 ch. 3). Young girls, especially of the upper class, were supposed to follow their parents wishes in regards to whom they should marry. In choosing a clergyman from a lower social class, Mrs. Eyre sacrifices her social standing as well as her familys care and support. The fact that Janes mother was banished for her marriage reflects the disdain felt by the upper class for marrying beneath their class. Jane knows from her treatment by the Reeds that she is a poor relation. John Reed emphasizes this when he tells Jane You have no business to take our books you are a dependent, mama says you have no money your father left you none you ought to beg, and not live hear with gentlemans children like us (23 ch. 1). The fact that Janes father left her no inheritance was a reflection of his position as a clergyman. Indeed if her parents had lived she still would have been poor. In Alan Haigs The Victorian Church, we learn of the wages paid to the clergy. The text states that The income earned by the clergy are so scanty as to likely to straiten a married man (qtd.

Street Smarts versus Book Smarts Essay -- essays research papers

Everyone has an opinion concerning what type of education is most useful. We all know that a college education is substantial in the competitive world we live in today. For instance, if you want a career in engineering, medicine, chemistry or law, a bachelors degree or high is mandatory. We often see people who have made it really big, and yet have little or no formal education. My opinion is, in tack together to get and keep a good paying demarcation, you need both street brightnesss and book smarts. The combination of practical knowledge and explicit knowledge is the key fruit to a successful career. Both types of knowledge have distinct advantages. They have both used their experiences in life to achieve their goals. For example, if a street smart mart person had a severe cough they would ask friends, family about how they could make the cough better. Book smart person would check or expect internet to find the cure. They are both determine to get what they want by using the skills they know. They will both work hard to get the job they want. They are both resourceful. They will use their r...

Street Smarts versus Book Smarts Essay -- essays research papers

Everyone has an opinion concerning what type of education is most useful. We all know that a college education is serious in the competitive world we live in today. For instance, if you want a career in engineering, medicine, chemistry or law, a bachelors degree or high is mandatory. We often see people who have made it really big, and yet have little or no formal education. My opinion is, in rule to get and keep a good paying parentage, you need both street apts and book smarts. The combination of practical knowledge and explicit knowledge is the find out to a successful career. Both types of knowledge have distinct advantages. They have both used their experiences in life to achieve their goals. For example, if a street smart mart person had a severe cough they would ask friends, family about how they could make the cough better. Book smart person would check or search internet to find the cure. They are both determine to get what they want by using the skills they k now. They will both work hard to get the job they want. They are both resourceful. They will use their r...

A Play of Contrasts Essay

In this essay I shall discuss the line of productss that have been used in An Inspector Calls. Firstly the contrast, which had stood out the most, was the progress from ignorance to familiarity, this was shown specifically in Sheila young, pretty and rich Sheila who was show to be very pleased with her share of the world at the beginning of the play whereas in stark contrast near the end of the play her character has progressed from naively ignorant satisfaction to opening of her eyes to the facades and indifferent selfishness of the upper classes.For example in Priestleys head directions Sheila bitterly reacts to rotate and Mrs Birlings refusal to mesh responsibility for their actions and want to avoid scandal and climb up the social ladder. Therefore the contrast of ignorance and knowledge is depicted in Sheila as she realizes her and her familys roles in the suicide of Eva Smith/ Daisy Renton.Another significant contrast shown in the play is the difference between the cured and younger contemporariess. The main differences between the old and young is that the older generation of Birlings just want to wash their hands of this awkward business, such as chase the Inspectors departure Birling discusses only the possible shame that could rob him of his almost certain knighthood but does not reflect on his actions towards Eva Smith.This illustrates that Birling was only gutted about his potentially lost doorway to success and status, furthermore when Sheila accuses Birling of unconcern towards the tragedy and lesson that ought to be learnt Birling is highly self have-to doe with and talks only of himself- who here will suffer more than I will? Mrs. Birling, playing the role of the obedient and supportive wife, also displays selfish demeanour talking about the rude tone the Inspector used this connotes that she is highlighting her superior status to the Inspector, suggesting that he ought to treat her with respect due to her class no matter of any unju st acts she had done.This shows that position and socially acceptable behavior was of more importance than morality and virtue to Mrs. Birling. On the other hand the new generation of Birlings, Sheila and Eric, fully acknowledge the effects of their actions and are affected by their parents lack of empathy towards the tragic end of Eva/Daisy, for example Eric angrily burst out that Arthur and Sybil were beginning to estimate that nothing had happened. This demonstrates that Eric was aware that his parents had been distressed by Evas death but the once the powerful presence of the Inspector had gone they had begun to return to their previous attitudes. still Sheila supports Erics attitude by eagerly agreeing with him. They both also addresses the collective responsibility of Evas death, for example Sheila says ashamed of us and Eric says we all helped kill her this illustrates that ironically the younger generation was being responsible and was acknowledging not only their parents w rongdoings but their own also. Thus this demonstrates that the younger generation was more responsible and willing to take the burden of guilt whereas the older generation was lacking empathy and attempting to avoid scandal by pretending they had no blame.

Fashion Mirrors Society Essay

One of the most stable industries in the contemporary beau monde is the make indus campaign. flair, because it manifests and affects every person, is matchless of the aspects that holds strong influence over the society. As the society abidees changes, make is also subjected to these changes. And as such, there argon bulk who merely have with the current trends because of the dictates and influence of the mass media. Fashion is a vogue through which a person expresses his or her identity as such, it is believed that the habit that people put on is an extension of their personality.see morees asseverate on fashionThe clothes manifests the peoples values, attitudes and behavior. In school, cliques and groups go off be identified by bureau of their clothes. One can already judge a persons personality through his or her looks which primarily consists of clothes and other fashion accessories that one suffers. Fashion is considered as a phenomenon to dress up oneself but it i s also a reflection of the things that are currently happening in the society because it conforms to the limn changes and the behavior of a special society.It reflects the current popular culture as well as the alterations that are taking place in the society. peck try to express their emotions, ideas and principles through various ways. Some people make use of various art forms as their own channel of expression. As individuals pursue alternative ways of expressing themselves, the concept of fashion becomes the best vehicle to bridge this pursuit. Fashion is something that every person has within him or herself. The clothes that people wear say something about themselves, regardless if they are or are non aware of the latest fashion trends.For every human being, it is ones natural proneness to achieve his or her own identity. As such, one would invariably wish to become a person who could stand out from the rest of the crowd. This goal is the drive behind every persons fash ion statements, especially the youth nowadays. However, the one thing that is certain is that fashion constantly changes. These fashion fads, trends and style undergo various changes over time. As such, the members of the society are constantly bombarded with new and innovative ideas in the world of fashion.Thus, it is a necessity for fashion agents to be always full of creative ideas that they can sell in the market (Alina, 2004). Fashion is a means of self-expression that allows people to try on many roles in life. Whether you pick out hip-hop or Chanel-chic, fashion accommodates the chameleon in all of us (Public Broadcasting Service, n. d. ). As such, fashion does reflect the values within a placeicular society of culture. It provides a certain non-verbal way of communicating and presenting oneself to the public.It serves as an extension ones personality and identity. For example, a woman who wears Chanel or Yves Saint Laurent wardrobes and accessories can be perceived as a we althy, sophisticated woman and a socialite. On the other hand, a man who prefers rugged jeans and tight-fitting shirts would probably be judged as a rough troublemaker. Thus, a persons unique fashion statement clearly labels his or her personality in the community. As such, the clothes that one wears largely speak of his or her own self. Thus, clothing is indeed a powerful silent communicator.Some people argue that fashion does not depict the reality and may be utilized to conceal the unpleasant attributes of a person. People dress up in order to hide the things that they or other people dislike with them. Fashion may not also always reflect the persons true identity because it can puzzle out as a form of disguise. Rather than speaking of the persons real identity, people can use fashion to project an image that they extremity other people to perceive about them. As such, fashion plays an important role in the society and culture.Fashion is the basis or the foundation of everythi ng that people do. In addition, fashion sets the standards of peoples activities. There is appropriate clothing style in every activity that people do for example, people wear uniforms for their jobs in order to feel comfortable in doing their works. In most time, majority of the members of the society attempt to match their clothing, pets and even the food that they eat to what is considered as fashionable (Book Rags, 2006). Fashion also reflects society some of the cultural characteristics are seen in the current fashion trends and styles.Fashion is embedded in the society and may be regarded as an important part of a whole. Scholars argue that, Fashion does not directly or simplistically reflect the times the accompaniment that it is always and everyplace situated within a society and culture (Entwistle, 2000, p. 80). The authors suggest that fashion is a connected concept from society. As such, fashion is directly colligate to the society because fashion is within the context of the society itself. Fashion is embedded within culture and cannot be isolated as an independent variable (Entwistle, 2000, p. 81).Thus, fashion changes along with the development of ones society and culture therefore, it is a part of a society or rather inculcated within it. In history, American garments are much different from today which is because of the fact that natives dresses and accessories are part of the culture. Natives and tribes wore beads or animal teeth around their neck as it is part of a certain tradition. Clothes, aside from being a basic necessity of the people, is also an integral part of cultural traditions and practices. Some of the clothes are the tralatitious clothing of a particular place.Fashion is culturally-initiated and it reflects the lifestyles of the members of the society. Like the bone and teeth that served as the accessories of the native Americans, it also showed how the people before hunt for food which is the chief(prenominal) characteristi c of their lifestyle. However, fashion or clothing is not an entirely reliable reflection of the society. The fashion statement of a person is an individual decision on how he or she would like to be perceived by others. Thus, the authenticity of this act can be doubted.The reliability of fashion requires the persons money plant in dressing according to his or her own socio-economic status. Many people do otherwise indeed, there are people who do not motivation to reveal their true socio-economic state because of several personal reasons. Nonetheless, according to Virginia Woolf in her novel Orlando, it is clothes that wear us and not we them (ctd. in Ribeiro, 2006, p. 348). Ribeiro (2006) adds in her commentary that, she Virginia knew how dress carries within itself its own history of the past and dictates peoples expectations of us as wearers (p.348). Evidently, wardrobes have their own history as time progresses. The fact that societies with unstable mobility do have trends wi th regard to dressing shows that their fashion says a lot about them. It still identifies them as a group because of the uniformity of the way they put on and design their clothes. One of the many examples of how fashion reflects the modern society is in terms of consumerism. Before, people conserve as much it is executable however, nowadays just like the ever-changing fashion trends people also try to change a lot about themselves.Consumerism is the offspring of announce. Modern advertisements are too successful and effective in their field that they have influenced a great quantity of people to think that some unnecessary products are real necessary. From a psychological perspective, it is believed that in a sense, consuming fulfills subscribe tos that will require other ways of being satisfied in a post-consumer society the need to belong, the need for variety in life, the need to control your personal environment and your work (Collis et. al. , 2009). In some countries, gr oups are identified through their clothes.The members of high-class society is perceived to wear elegant and extravagant clothing combined with various expensive ornaments. On the other hand, the members of the urban poor or those who live in poverty can be identified due to the filthy clothing they wear. Peoples basic needs have extended from the concept of material survival to the expensive concept of narcissism. Social and emotional needs are apparently the reasons why people engage in consumerism. As modern advertising progresses, people are becoming more influenced to consume and buy products that they do not really need.Fashion becomes synonymous to consumerism because as fashion trends change, consumers also helper of more market products to adapt to the change. Fashion is an integral part of society that reflects different principles, ideas and even stature in life. However, it is not a reliable mirror of society because of its ability to conceal the true self of the one w ho wears it. Moreover, the current fashion trends and styles do not cater for all members of the society. Rather, it caters only to the agents and perpetrators of these fashion trends.People are somehow defined through the clothes they wear however, their attitude and behavior is still the most reliable source and reflection of ones personality. References Alina, Y. (2004). Fashion in Modern Society. Retrieved June 4, 2009, from http//nota. triwe. net/teachers/tolstikova/students06. htm Book Rags. (2006). The Importance of Fashion in U. S. Culture. Retrieved June 4, 2009, from http//www. bookrags. com/essay-2006/8/10/234130/814 Collis, C. , Cooper, S. , Fitzgerald, P. , Lawson, J. , Purkiss, J. , Ryan, J. & Thomas, A. (n. d. ).How can we change consumerism?. Never enough anti consumerism campaign a critical look at consumerism, poverty, and the planet. Retrieved June 4, 2009, from http//www. enough. org. uk/enough08. htm Entwistle, J. (2000). The Fashioned Body Fashion, Dress and Mo dern Social Theory. New Jersey Wiley-Blackwell. Public Broadcasting Service. (n. d). What is Fashion? Retrieved May 19, 2009, from http//www. pbs. org/newshour/infocus/fashion/whatisfashion. html Ribeiro, A. (2006). Fashion and Fiction Dress in Art and Literature in Stuart England. New Haven, CT Yale University Press.

The Role of Performance Measurement in Business Process Re-Engineering

The purpose of this business mull over is to test the performance measurement arranging (premenstrual syndrome) and its interaction with development implementing standard deviation (SD). PMS is the essential of business process engineering (BPR) that is a significant theory in analyzing the interaction amidst the correlation of PMS, empowerment, integration, and strategic alignment. The object is to understand the unities between companies that undergo strategic modification to progress effectiveness and thrive efficiently.The testing of the hypothesis consists of two companies from the Bahrain preservation a major sector in manufacturing and finance as well as other companies within the sector. The total of returned responds were 301 from 19 manufacturing and 30 financial companies. The companies hive off in age, number of employees, profits, range of products, or services. The individual respondents range from managerial position, experience, and length of employment (Kuwaiti & Kay, 2013, para. 7, p. 4). The BPR emphasize on restructuring and reevaluating a business.The research questionsHow is the performance of PMS a criterion to the principles of change? How is the performance of empowerment, integration, and strategic alignment correlation tested in determining the effective in change? The hypothesis of the studyH1 The significant and correlation PMS is as a criterion for the effective formation and operation of BPR and the PMS can act as a resource to change in empowerment, integration, and strategic alignment.The hypothesis testing included congruence PMS is the responding variable,and the four explanatory variables. The statistical formula used to determine the tally range is the standard deviation (SD).For example, for empowerment the results range from a upper limit of 40 (highly empowered) to a minimum of 10 (least empowered) the mean is 29.8 with a SD of 5.75 and a maximum possible score is (14*5) 70 (Kuwaiti & Kay, 2013, para. 5, p. 6). The PMS interaction with two of the explanatory variables is weak when measuring the range. Therefore, the hypothesis supports the relationship with strategic alignment and a unassuming support for empowerment.The main findings of the studyA well-defined PMS process will improve the changes within a business because PMS emphasis on premeditated purposes before initiating on different levels of business development.

Critical and Creative Thinking Questions

I remember the four major sources of stress in my tone would be money beingness number one. This is because I am an outside(a) student who moved from Hong Kong to America. Having doing this I had to l pinnulen how to manage my own money for example rent, bills , and also enough for entertainment. When I was living in Hong Kong with my family I didnt have to worry about all these factors so it came easy to me. Family would be another source of stress in my life but only because of me being a air by myself in another country.This is probably because this is the first time I have been away from home and having to look after myself and the money turn out my p bents especially tend to get too worried, which in some cases cause a lot of fights. Im not saying this is something bad but defiantly something that nates trigger me at some points. My social skills is a definite source of stress in my life, This being because I am not very superb at interacting, socializing and communicatin g with other human beings. Some of my interactions and relationships stub be very stressful and tension filled, and i almost come sour as being a very unsociable person.If you where experiencing a plosive speech sound of high stress, what would you do to avoid illness? If I where to experience a period of high stress I would probably exercise a lot which usually assistances me with depression and tension and also relaxes me. But also exercising improves cardiovascular efficiency and increases strength that could help avoid illness due to stress. I believe that when your exercising and you sweat a lot, it almost feels like your getting unloose of all the problems in your life. Why ar ingest-prevention efforts lots aimed at adolescents?Smoking prevention efforts are usually aimed at adolescents because thats when a lot of smokers start smoking a form of tobacco, such as cigarettes, cigars and chewing tobacco. A lot of youngsters and often influenced by lucifer pressure and im itation of role models, even family members. They think if your family member is smoking, its ok for them to try or to pursue it. Smoking prevention programs focus on more immediate problems with smoking. films and discussions in these programs educate teens about peer pressure and the medias influence in smoking, as well as helping them overcome this phase.What are the benefits of involving a persons family in behavior modification programs to treat chronic disturb. When a person is suffering from chronic pain family members usually ask about it, which tends not to help the patient. This is because talking about pain or what or how they feel often focuses on it more and they start to think about it and all there thoughts draws attention on it and increases its intensity. To prevent this, psychologists have treatments in there modification programs for both the patient and family members.I feel if having a family member by your side while you are going through this and they attendi ng the programs help the patient. This is because the patient feels comfortable that some one close to them a (family member) is participating in these pain management plans which could help ease of the stress and pain. Which forms of coping do you most often draw on? When I am stressed I believe the best way for me to cope is by listening and finding new music. Not only does music relax me but sometimes it could be deeper than that.Lyrics of a song green goddess sometimes or somehow relate to what your going through and can often help and solve the problems. Which of the resources for stress management seem most grand to you? I believe that social support is the most important resource to me because when im stressed I tend to feel much amend when I have people around me to discuss what I am going through, but also just because someone is there to listen. Close friends and family often make us feel comfortable and important and provide positive attitude to changes in our life.Cri tical and Creative Thinking Questions1) Sensation and perception are closely linked. What is the central distinction between the two?Sensations can be defined as the passive process of bringing information from the outside military man into the body and to the brain. The process is passive in the sense that we do not have to be consciously engaging in a sensing process. lore can be defined as the active process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting the information brought to the brain by the senses.2) If we sensed and attended equally to each stimulation in the world, the amount of information would be overwhelming. What sensory and perceptual processes help us lessen the din?Perceptions vary from person to person. Different people get the picture different things about the same situation. But more than that, we assign different meanings to what we perceive. And the meanings might change for a certain person. One might change ones thought or simply make things mean somethi ng else. You would also use vision to observe different people who were having a conversation as well as listening to observe all the conversation taking place.3)What senses would likely be impaired if a person were somehow missing all of the apparatus of the ear (including the outer, middle, and inner ear)?If someone was to lose total hearing that would be devastating. If you were to totally lose your hearing you would be losing one of the most important senses you have and this can affect you in other areas including your equal equilibrium not being able to walk straight can cause major ramifications in your life like blurred vision, headaches as well as the loss as speech

King Duncan Eulogy Essay

Say not in grief he is no more than, but live in thankfulness that he was. Kings men and familiaritys, today, with heavy hearts we bid adieu to a remarkable man. As we stand here(predicate) today to reminisce in our fond memories of our past office, though he only held the throne for a brief time. He has changed the lives of many. Today we gather to embrace his greatness, Macbeth will be dearly missed. Some may think Macbeth was a traitor, but we must not forget the greatness that shone within him his heroic acts a brave sp break off, a hefty thane, and a loving economise.In strife, Macbeth, get the better of two separate invading armiesone from Ireland, led by the rebel Macdonwald, and one from Norway. Macbeth is a brave pass and a powerful man, to embrace his battlefield valor, a brave and capable warrior, defending hisAs thaneHusbandWhat is do is done, Whats done cannot be undone. The finish of our past king Macbeth is a great loss indeed, however A termination is no t the snuff out of a light, but the putting out of the lamp because the contact has come. What is past is past, now we embrace the future and acknowledge the greatness of our past king.Restate the focus rough your thesisSummerise points madeReword into elementary messagesFinish with a thiughful final sentence closely the characters contribution to life and how those who be odd behind are completely the more richer for having knowin him.Macbeth-he continuously s likewised by Scotland against traitors (malcolm, Macduff etc) valiant and heroic in battle-courageous-confident-loved lady macbeth, despite her being a little delusional-deserved the throne no proof he remove duncanthe teacher listed various techniques we can use in our writing such as-witty sayings-memories-stories-prayers-descriptive draw inage about macbeth-tone- positive at times, sad at otherwises-justify/ justify the controversial parts of their life (THE MOST IMPORTANT) As you can go for, it can be biased You must consider one thing when reading this paean you do not insult the dead I couldnt come out and declaim the truth about Macbeth, and neither could I openly pass blame (Yeah, Macbeth was a prick, but the witches made him do it). So basic ally, I had to write this positively, even though Macbeth was a despicable man, and I couldnt tell any outright lies. The art is in twisting the truth, silencing events, or subtly making implications.That said, enjoy the eulogy. Bear in theme I am delivering it as the Thane of Ross.Today, I stand forwards a nation in mourning, grieving the passing of its King, Macbeth. He shall sure as shooting be remembered in history as a noble and courageous soldier and leader who fought with a fierce patriotism and belief in Scotland. Although his hulk was not trouble-free or lengthy, Macbeth inspired a unique and individual fleece in his country and made every decision with careful thought, holding firmly to his ideals and principles to the very end . Scotland has lost a classifiable and peerless leader and those of us who knew him personally are now without a friend whose character shall always be remembered.If there is one term sacred of Macbeth, it is courage. He was a calenderedlight on the battlefield, seizing opportunities in the bleakest of times and setting an admirable recitation to his troops, who knew him as valours minion. The monarch onward him, Duncan, recognised Macbeths skills and honoured him as a valiant cousin and worthy gentleman, deserving respect and reward. Macbeth regularly led his nation into battle in Duncans stead, and it would be hard for any present to forget his bold and fearless attitude, crabbyly not on the day he defeated Swenos Norwegian invasion and Macdonwald, the rebellious Thane of Cawdor.I termed him Bellonas bridegroom for his wild and splendid skill, and when Duncan was informed of Cawdors treachery, he saw Macbeth as deserving a higher status, proclaiming that what the former T hane of Cawdor hath lost, noble Macbeth hath won. All will acknowledge he deserved such a status, for he fought with a stub natural close that would neer surrender, and no matter how many invaders flooded our shores, he never ceased to see to it them with unforgiving steel. He was a hero to the Scottish nation and his example shall be followed by thousands of soldiers to come.Macbeth carried over his admirable battle qualities to his personal life, but brought none of the violence. Indeed, Duncan observed that his castle hath a gentle seat, and maam Macbeth remarked to me on several(prenominal) occasions that although her husband was seen by some as a warrior, he was nonetheless full o the milk of humans pleasingness. I can testify to the truth in this statement as could many others seated here today, though it is with profound regret that we can all see evidence of how this kind nature was abused.Few are aware of the significant influence his now deceased wife had upon him, and in his devotion, he would try on her confidence and advice when contemplating options and making decisions. though this may have led to fault, it also meant the Macbeths shared a strong bond based upon communication, a quality both of them treasured. Together, they were gracious hosts, storied amongst other noble families for their often-anticipated banquets. If ever there was an enjoyable social event, Macbeth was sure to be the unparalleled host.His personality was much deeper than d inward parties, however. Macbeth was a man who thought about decisions seriously and deeply, rarely acting upon a thought he had not fully considered. On numerous occasions as a guest ofMacbeth, I would assault him pacing through his castle, lost in solemn contemplation, attempting to comprehend life and philosophical concepts. This led him to recognise that life is fragile and fleeting, labelling it a walkway shadow, a poor sourer that struts and frets his hour upon the stage and because is perceive no more. Despite this bleak outlook, he would always consider the consequences that lay in the first place him, giving due respect to the Lord who had blessed him with his position. Although this virtue did not always lead him to the happiness he desired, Macbeth would always contemplate his actions, even in the most dire of circumstances.In his life, he governanced many such situations, and once he made a decision, he stubbornly held to it. Despite critical review or hardship, he believed in himself and his information, and he sought to keep his dignity and strength regardless of what calamity he faced. At his death, he stood alone against an army of English who had moved Birnam Wood, choosing not to meekly surrender but instead to bravely fight to the end. With a call of blow, wind come, wrack At least(prenominal) well die with harness on our back, he took up arms and fought as boldly as he ever had. He proclaimed that bear-like he would fight the course, and as was his manner, he made his word true, dying as a soldier and gallant fighter.One thing is certain, and it is that Macbeth will never be forgotten by any assembled here or by the Scottish nation as a whole. His courageous deeds as a hero of the nations military shone with brilliance and glory, never to dull with the passage of time, and none could honestly say that his time as national monarch was a bland or typical reign. Although famed for his skills as both a warrior and a host, his personality ran much deeper his deep thought and loyal devotion to his wife did not always result in prosperity or universal delight, but he nevertheless made much philosophical contemplation and was capable of recognising his own failings. matinee idol gave Scotland a king unlike any other, of a standard never to be seen again, and may he rest eternally in a ease he forsook in his earthly life. While we mourn Macbeths passing, we should take due time to consider his life and the actions and charac teristics that typified it. Everyone, from fellow nobles to peasants eking a living from removed land, could surely learnvaluable lessonsDear loyal subjects I would like tothank you for coming out and gathering here to witness the burial of our a la mode(p)King. King Macbeth started as a strong, valiant and brave soldier he was alwaysthe best defender of our great Scotland. If you do recall he was named Thane ofCawdor, after that traitor was interpreted out of power and executed. I hope thatsomewhere deep in our hearts we can remember that man, and not the man we areburying today. For Macbeths greed seemed to have gotten the best of him, for hekilled the honorable and noble King Duncan, his own cousin, just to have thepower of being king. This one unreserved act of wickedness set Macbeth on abloody-thirsty rampage, where he never stopped killing to keep his power, whichultimately led to his down die. OnceMacbeth was prone the title of King of Scotland, Scotland started to fall a partfrom the seams.In order to keep his power Macbeth killed his friend Banquo, infear that his sons would become king and steal his throne. As word got out thatMacduff was coming to me, to try and reclaim Scotland from Macbeths bloodygrasp, Macbeths attain spree continued. Macbeth then had Macduffs wife andentire family remove the poor souls never had a chance. Macbeth is a simpleexample of what happens when the leader is corrupt that in turn the countyturns corrupt.For Macduff told me that under Macbeths rule the knell bellnever stopped ringing in Scotland. Macduff also told me that unnatural eventswere happening in Scotland and that if we didnt do something the entirecountry would fall to pieces. So with the help of our ally England, I led10,000 soldiers to take back Scotland. The honor for finally finishing Macbethgoes to Macduff. Although honor must be pass aroundn to the tyrant, for even in theface of death he never stopped fighting. Even though we bury this evil king,let u s celebrate a new life for our home Scotland. -King MalcomMacbeth V The Eulogy. What can I say about Macbeth? He was my distant relative, the Thane of Cawdor, and, once, King of Scotland. Yet, not a great King but Ill give him that accomplishment. My father Duncan was a thousand times the man that agnostic fiend ever was, without even breaking a sweat But, were not here to mourn the loss of my father were here to say some final words aboutMacfilth- (cough) -Macbeth. Before he completely lost his mind and began acting on sporadic impulses, he actually wasnt that bad a person, if you can believe that. I do remember one particular evening though, when he took Duncan and me to go see the cargo ships at the docks. He convinced the captain to let us go on it and we pretended to be pirates, with wooden swords and everythingI started walking on a plank to the side of the boat with one foot in front of the other, you know, as children do. But, then Duncan came up behind me and scared me. In shock, I dropped my sword and as I jumped back, I slipped on it. My tiny legs hit the side of the plank hard and I feel from the tall ship face first into the water. I went in pretty deep and I tried to swim back up, but my legs wouldnt give. They were throbbing from the hard hit I endured before falling and with every attempt to swim back up, I could feel myself being dragged deeper into the water. To top it off, I had gulped some water in my mouth and I was running out of air. My eyes began to close and the last image I remember before suitable unconscious was Macbeth swimming down to assuage me. When I learned what hed done to my father, I refused to believe it.This couldnt have been the same Macbeth that had been with me and my comrade that day, could it? Thats why I left for England, to be surrounded by the sea, to reminisce about days past it could have even been to disprove the crooked Macbeth theory. But, when I fetched a ride on one of the war ships, I had an epiphany. Banquo, may he rest in peace, had spoken to me about his encounter with the witches before I left, and he told me that ever since the encounter with said witches Macbeth hadnt been the same. He said he wasnt even sure if this being was his old friend and that I should watch my back. I hadnt thought of Banquos speech much until that day on the English war ship and as I watched the oceans harsh rolls in the distance and the storm clouds approaching, something clicked in my head.The Macbeth that died yesterday really wasnt the Macbeth from even a couple of months ago. This was a divergent Macbeth, one that had been effected by sources beyond his control, much like how the storm clouds affected the waves, Macbeth was affected by the witches he was a different ocean. Now, Im not saying we should take poignancy on this creature, I just think that we should remember him as how he was and not how he came to be. Thats why I proposed to speak this Eulogy before you, so that Scotland may b e lead into a more humane and peacefulera for years to come.Malcolm and Donalbain sons of king duncanSay not in grief he is no more, but live in thankfulness that he was. Today, I stand before a nation in mourning, grieving the passing of its King, Macbeth. He shall surely be remembered in history as a noble and courageous soldier and leader who fought with a fierce patriotism and belief in Scotland. Although his reign was not trouble-free or lengthy, Macbeth inspired a unique and individual pride in his country. Scotland has lost a classifiable and peerless leader and those of us who knew him personally are now without a friend whose character shall always be remembered.What can I say about Macbeth? He was my distant relative, the Thane of Cawdor, and, once, King of Scotland. Yet, not a great King but Ill give him that accomplishment. Were here to say some final words about Macbeth. Before he completely lost his mind and began acting on sporadic impulses, he actually wasnt that bad a person, if you can believe that. I do remember one wonderful evening though, when he took Malcolm and me to go see the cargo ships at the docks. He convinced the captain to let us go on it and we pretended to be pirates, with wooden swords and everything I started walking on a plank to the side of the boat with one foot in front of the other, you know, as children do. But, then Malcolm came up behind me and scared me.In shock, I dropped my sword and as I jumped back, I slipped on it. My tiny legs hit the side of the plank hard and I feel from the tall ship face first into the water. I went in pretty deep and I tried to swim back up, but my legs wouldnt give. They were throbbing from the hard hit I endured before falling and with every attempt to swim back up, I could feel myself being dragged deeper into the water. To top it off, I had gulped some water in my mouth and I was running out of air. My eyes began to close and the last image I remember before becoming unconscious was M acbeth swimming down to save me.When I learned what hed done to my father, I refused to believe it.This couldnt have been the same Macbeth that had been with me and my brotherthat day, could it? Thats why I left for England, to be surrounded by the sea, to reminisce about days past it could have even been to disprove the crooked Macbeth theory. But, when I fetched a ride on one of the war ships, I had an epiphany.Banquo, may he rest in peace, had spoken to me about his encounter with the witches before I left, and he told me that ever since the encounter with said witches Macbeth hadnt been the same. He said he wasnt even sure if this being was his old friend and that I should watch my back. I hadnt thought of Banquos speech much until that day on the English war ship and as I watched the oceans harsh waves in the distance and the storm clouds approaching, something clicked in my head.The Macbeth that died yesterday really wasnt the Macbeth from even a couple of months ago. This was a different Macbeth, one that had been effected by sources beyond his control, much like how the storm clouds affected the waves, Macbeth was affected by the witches he was a different ocean. Now, Im not saying we should take pity on this creature, I just think that we should remember him as how he was and not how he came to be. Thats why I proposed to speak this Eulogy before you, so that Scotland may be lead into a more humane and peaceful era for years to come.MACBETH AS A TRAGIC HERO sadal heroes are within everyone, but cannot be fully exposed or understood without the essential tragic qualities. One must be a potentially noble character who endures heroic qualities and has respect and admiration from the lodge. Consequently, they must be essentially great. Also within the character must be a deformity or weakness that leads to a fall. Lastly, one is required to possess an element of suffering and redemption. Remorse and regret is a necessity for ones wrong doings or deeds. Ones pays for their wrong doings because of failure to find happiness and regrets for actions taken. Therefore they die heroically. In the play Macbeth this quality of a tragic hero is portrayed though the character Macbeth.The quality ofa tragic hero in Macbeth is portrayed first by his position in society and his establishment of greatness. Macbeth is appreciated as a noble character and endures a high rank in the country of Scotland. He aided King Duncan in several victorious battles and his ranking was increased as a result of this. He was crowned Thane of Cawdor in addition to the Thane of Glamis. Macbeths position was also seen as high to the Scotish citizens because of his relation to the king. However, Macbeths bravery on the battlefield was great. Till he unseamed him from the nave to the chops, and fixed his head upon the battlements. (Act 1, Sc.2) And for his victory he receives riotous praise in reports from the Captian and Ross, a Scotish Nobleman. As sparrows eagles , or the hare the lion. I must report they were as cannons overcharged with double cracks. (Act 1, Sc. 2) Macbeth is shown as extravagant on call of what they say.He was also complemented several times by the Thane of Fife, Macduff. Furthermore, he was labeled several strong and brave animals on the battlefield, throughout the play. These many assessments and evaluations contribute greatly towards Macbeths appearance as a hero. Macbeths relationship with his wife, Lady Macbeth, also confirms his innate goodness and suggests well for him. Lady Macbeth highly respects and admires her husband as the Thane of Cawdor and refers to him as my dearest partner of greatness. (Act 1, Sc.5) She constantly demands that she understands Macbeth more than any other. This results in the others being expected to believe her. However, she incessantly declares that he is much too kind, Yet I do fear thy nature It is too full o the milk of human kindness (Act 1, Sc 5)Lady Macbeth acknowledges that he has intake but maintains that he lacks the evil that should attend it. Furthermore, Macbeth yearn for the crown but would as though he is riding high on the crest of the wave and endures the potential to furthur but his flaw of incessant kindness prevents his yearning. It is those strong brave qualities that rise him high in not play foully for it. It is society and Lady Macbeth wishes he would apply them appropriatly. Their stable relationship is yet another feature that downs forth Macbeths potential. Despite Macbeths great potential he endures an rife flaw that he constantly gives in to. This overbearing flaw is his excessive ambition. He wishes to only get the crown, but demands to do nothing to rightfully grasp it.He refuses to kill his beloved king Duncan. For he belives hetoo kind and nice a man to deserve such a punishment. Macbeth initially fights agianst his dark and evil impulses, but he evenutally surcomes to them. It was his wife, Lady Macbeth, who convinced Macbeth to obey his evil urges by her clever manipulation. However, Macbeths fall begins when he starts to doubt his much(prenominal) victory of the crown. What if we should fail? (Act 1, Sc. 7) It is the unpleasant deed of Duncans murder that stirs his mind. After his job of comitting the deed he shows immediate regret and remorse for what he had done. Nevertheless, his fall is far from complete, it continues. His ambition takes reason prinsoner.Macbeths fall continues gradually when he soon grasps the idea that he had not earned his yearning of the crown. We have baked the snake, not killed it. (Act 3, Sc.2) There was still a great problem. It was Banquo who would reieve hier to the throne before Macbeth. It was essiential, according to the witches, that he immediately kill Banquo and his descendants. At that demand, the deed was done. However, his attempted murder of Fleance, Banquos son, was not achieved. Consequently, a transition begins in Macbeth. He is acknowledged as a hell-hound, butches, tyrant and a hell kite (Act 3). These were great round point for Macbeth. For it is now his evil side that he obeys. He simply resolves his remorse by acting on his initial impulses. The very firstlings of my heart shall be the firstlings of my hand. (Act 4, Sc.1)Therefore, Macbeths habits became so terrible that he finally reaches his lowest ebb, the murders of the Macduffs. For he had no reason for their murders, it was simply an impulse that he immediately acted upon. He then caused Scotland suffering, famine, death and disease. This was so because of his absence of the king becoming graces. Macbeth had now lost his good reputation. His downfall was now complete. Macbeth, however, is shown throughout the play with an element of suffering and redemption. The murders that he comitted deeply cause this remorse and fault. In result, Macbeth is found unable to sleep, pray or even eat because of the murder of his beloved king Duncan. Methought I heard a voice cry Sleep no m oreMacbeth does murder sleep (Act 2, Sc.2) Macbeth is also seen a sense of remorse when he was found comprehend the ghost of Banquo. He repetedly demanded that he did not murder him. This is a deep symptom of redemption.However, this sorrow does not compare to the large extent he receives of it towards the end of the play. He sees the future as pointless andunthrilling. He decides that his life is not worth living. I have lived long enough. (Act 5, Sc.4) He is in complete despair. He soon realizes that there is nothing fo rim but curses, mouth-honor and breath. However, there is an element of self-knowledge. He recognized that he received his yearning, the crown, but it did not bring him happiness. His life becomes completely meaningless when his wife, Lady Macbeth, dies. Macbeth had lost everything and everyone who was important to him. He is alone and alienated. Despite his lonliness and shame, he still has a conscience. Enduring the strength he has, he does not quit. He continuo usly falls back on the hopefull predictions of the witches.Be bloody, bold, and resolute laugh to scorn the power of man, for none of woman born shall harm Macbeth. (Act 4, Sc.1) He deeply relies on this apparition, which makes him feel invinsible, until he soon finds out that Macduff was not technically born of woman. Macduff was from his mothers womb ill-timed ripped. (Act 5, Sc.6) For now Macbeth could be easily defeated. From this he is paying for his sins and regreat. Even when the last prop of life is removed, he fights. He decides he will not play the suicidal Roman fool. So, he does fight bravely and heroically. His wounds were to the front ,theredore he was not killed running away from death. He was killed fighting. Tragedy fell only upon Macbeth because of his inner most yearnings, to be king.However, he would not have been considered a tragic hero without his admiration, flaw and redemption. These are all parts of the long downfall in which he endured. His life became tr agic just to be king. Even when he received his wish he was not happy. He had too much guilt and regret to continue. His life was no longer worth living. So, he fought to the bitter end and died bravery.Say not in grief he is no more, but live in thankfulness that he was. Today, I stand before a nation in mourning, grieving the passing of its King, Macbeth. He shall surely be remembered in history as a noble and courageous soldier and leader who fought with a fierce patriotism and belief in Scotland. Although his reign was not trouble-free or lengthy, Macbeth, a tragic hero who inspired a unique and individual pride in his country. Scotland has lost a distinctive and peerless leader and those of us who knew him personally are now without a friend whose character shall always be remembered.What can I say about Macbeth? If there is one term commendable of Macbeth, it is bravery. No greater man have I had the privilege to charge into battle with, side by side, his courage not only fuel ed mine, but the rest of the army with it. Macbeth was always courageous, his bravery in battle was evident to all, He was a shining light , seizing opportunities in the bleakest of times and setting an worthy example to his troops, who knew him as valours minion. it would be hard for many to forget his daring and fearless attitude, particularly not on the day he defeated Swenos Norwegian invasion and Macdonwald, the rebellious Thane of Cawdor.I termed him Bellonas bridegroom for his ferocious and splendid skill, and when Duncan was informed of Cawdors treachery, he saw Macbeth as deserving a higher status, proclaiming that what the former Thane of Cawdor hath lost, noble Macbeth hath won. All will acknowledge he deserved such a status, for he fought with a stubborn determination that would never surrender, and no matter how many invaders flooded our shores, he never ceased to meet them with unforgiving steel.Macbeth represented the essence in strong and courageous leadership. This is what his lasting legacy to those who fought along with him would feel and perhaps, he had his flaws but what human does not? No matter what, Macbeth always had the will to achieve greatness, and that he did.Macbeth carried over his admirable battle qualities to his personal life, but brought none of the violence. Indeed, Duncan observed that his castle hath a pleasant seat, and Lady Macbeth remarked to me on several occasions that although her husband was seen by some as a warrior, he was nonetheless full o the milk of human kindness. I can attest to the truth in this statement as could many others seated here today, though it is with profound regret that we can all see evidence of how this kind nature was abused.Few are aware of the significant influence his now deceased wife had upon him, and in his devotion, he would seek her confidence and advice when contemplating options and making decisions. Though this may have led to fault, it also meant the Macbeths shared a strong bond , a quality both of them treasured. Together, they were gracious hosts, renowned amongst other noble familiesfor their much-anticipated banquets. If ever there was an enjoyable social event, Macbeth was sure to be the unparalleled host.Even in the last moments of his life, Macbeths courage and spirit remained as valiant as ever, in the face of death he declared, Yet I will try the last. Before my body I throw my competitive shield. Lay onMacbeth was indeed a fearsome soldier and a deer friend, however evidence shows that his good will and trust was unfortunately taken advantage of. It is said, that had been effected by sources beyond his control, clouding him from Gods watch and leading him to his own tragic demise. Indeed his fascination with the supernatural caused much distress. There were whispers of witchcraft and the supernatural, and I would not have believed it had I not witnessed with my own two eyes the affects these forces had on Macbeth. At one of his renowned banquets .What is done is done, whats done cannot be undone. The Macbeth that died yesterday really wasnt the Macbeth from even a couple of months ago. This was a different Macbeth, one that had been effected by sources beyond his control, Macbeth was disturbed by the witches. We shall remember him as how he was and not how he came to be.. Macbeth is a great loss indeed, however a death is not the extinguishing of a light, but the putting out of the lamp because the dawn has come.

Jean Know †„Where the Gods Fly“ Essay

Being the pertly one, shootnt we all tried that before? Being the new kid in school, or being the new employee at work. Then, imagine being new in a completely different country, where you have to start from zero. Making new friends, creating a network, learning a new language and also a whole new culture, is all very challenging and overwhelming factors, when moving to a new place.This is actually the situation in Jean Knows short fable Where the Gods Fly, where a little family of three people emigrates from china to the USA, to create a new life by working and raising their daughter in school. In this short story, we hear about a mothers strike about, seeing her daughter being encapsulated in the Western culture. Whilst her husband, and father to their daughter Peal, is suffering from cancer. The parents of ivory are working at a factory, and to avoid that gather would have to be home alone or stick around at the factory, they allow her to start dancing ballet. This gives th eir daughter a rope of unthought success, and because they insufficiency cliffs to have a proper education and non live of dancing, they encourage her to quite dancing ballet.Parts of this paper will focus on the structure of the short story, and the contrast between the two worlds that are represented in the story. The story does non have an introduction, which means that is starts in medias res I kneel here before the gods and the thought of what I am about to do stings my eyes like incense. This is actually the end of the story, so the rest of the story will be leading us to how everything has come to this point. The story is non told chronologically, I would rather say that it was written with flashbacks or some kind of memory, because we for the first time hear of the mothers childhood and religious background, and then we hear of their life in America. As mentioned, we first hear about astragals mothers roots, and then we hear about how their life in America are progr essing.The parents are working at the factory, and they do not have a lot time to spend with their daughter, we can see that in this sentence her father and I spent our waking hours at the factory in Chinatown This means that Pearl stays home alone every day after school, and at some point her mother start tofeel guilty not to ascending her child properly. This is resulting in a scholarship for Pearl, so she doesnt have to stay home alone all day, but is this really what Pearls mom want her daughter to do? Actually not, the only reason she does this is to avoid, that her daughter will visit her American friends, because her mom doesnt understand the Americans. This is a huge riddle for her, because on the one side she wants to raise her daughter well and create a good life for her, but on the other side she is not willing to align the American culture, and this is what creates her problem.A huge contrast in this story is the contrast between the two cultures of China and America , where Pearl is trying to adapt the Western culture to make a new life and ram accepted by her American friends, her mother tries to maintain her roots from growing up in China, and she is not willing to adapt the Western culture. In the story she talks about Pearls audition to the ballet school or scholarship, and here appears an plain contrast of the two cultures, when Pearls mom says We dont belong here, I wanted to say, what do we simple Chinese acknowledge of these inhuman people with their stolid faces and elegant shoulders?.Another contrast in the story is between the old and new world. The mother says, When I was a girl in China, I was not permitted to go to classes. Much of the learning I possess, I picked up through lingering at the table, pretending to dust or sweep, as my brothers studied. This is a vogue of telling her daughter that one day, she one only has herself to rely on, so it is very important to Pearl to get a proper education and not only focus on dancin g. But it is also a way of getting her daughter to something, that she never got the opportunity to do herself. As the story progresses Pearl is actually becoming what her mother doesnt want her to become, and as her mother is busy taking care of her ill husband, they are slowly drifting apart.In the end the mother says, Buddhas, allow my daughter to understand some day why I take her greatest love away I know this will be the blow that finally severs the already tenuous bounds between us. Here she has come to the conclusion that it is the best thing for both Pearl and her to take her greatest love away, so that she can be just a normal girl. Because, themother states that Chinese people like them doesnt have to be something special, they just have to fit in. And by this we are back to the beginning where the big decision has been made, but wants her daughter to resist the winds of fate and get to the place where the gods fly.

Challenges Faced by First Year University Students

University life can be a great experience. It can be fun and educational and, on the other hand, full of hardships. First-year students at university subject a lot of challenges. These challenges can be divided into groups of which three argon making adjustments, trade protection and being lost. First-year students have to make a lot of adjustments. Students face difficulty in adjusting to a completely new lifestyle. University life is totally diametric from living at home and going to high school. For example, many students are living al maven and adjusting to being alone is difficult.Furthermore, students get a lot of granting immunity since they are renting or living alone. They have to adjust otherwise they will find themselves moving a vomit up from their studies. Too much freedom overly leads to getting involved with wrong crowds. Thus, the new way of life is difficult to adjust to. The learning methods used at university is antithetic from what it used to be at high scho ol. Students find it difficult to fit in to this learning environment. At university, students have to att break off lectures whereby a lecturer comes and discusses everything from the front.Students besides have to do a lot by themselves, which they find difficult since they are used to the spoon feeding which they received at high school. Study workload is also abundant therefore students have to stick to a strict timetable. Therefore, learning methods are difficult to adapt to for first students. Furthermore, adapting to the immense workload and influence from outside university is also difficult. Students have to study for longer hours to keep up and for their progress, and at the same time do household choirs, which is even more when the students are living out-of-door from their parents.Other external influences such as peer pressure, partying with friends and socializing also affects a first-year students life and studies. Thus, first-year students find it intriguing to cope up with the workload. Security is one of the major needs of all individuals and even more so for a student. Parental support and guidance is one major need for all first-year students. Many students live away from their homes and parents and therefore, lack social security.Many students are renting with other students and since they are first-year students, they find it hard since hey are not used to this form of lifestyle. Moreover, without any parent or any other r elder to guide them, first-years drift away from their path into doing wrong things. Other students who live in hostels have some level of control instilled by the hostel but it is not constitute to the guidance which a parent could provide. Thus, living away from parents is a major hindrance and challenge for first-year students. Financial security is another challenge for first-year students. Money is most vital when pursuing higher education and lack of it can cause the collapse of ones future.Money is needed t o pervert textbooks and pay fees, which is very costly. First-year students at university tend to spend a lot of money when they first come to university since they do not understand the immenseness of money and they are not able to control their expenditure. Situations are improved when the student has been awarded a scholarship, since they might not have any source of income. Therefore, finance is another problem faced by first-year students. beingness in a new environment, first-year students find themselves lost for a couple of days. Students face difficulty in finding their required rooms.Universities have a lot of lecture theatres and rooms in different buildings under different faculties. First-year students are unable to find their lecture rooms and are at times late for their lectures during the first few days. Tutorials and lab exercises also occur at different places and finding them using the room codes is very challenging for new students. Moreover, many new students do not know where to go for help or advice. Being new, students do not know whom to turn to for help. First-years find difficulty in signing up for labs and tutorials and have problems deciding on which session to select.Due to this, they end up missing classes due to clashes. This causes a drawback to their studies. As a conclusion, first-year students do face a lot of challenges at university regarding security, adjusting and being lost. These challenges are, and will be faced by first-year students since they are being introduced into a new system. Students must not be disheartened or give up on anything since life will become normal when they get used to the system. There is always a first time and no student will appease new for long, which also goes for the associated problems.

Questions and Answers on Computer Memory

Many changes fox been seen lately in both(prenominal) 1/0 and retentiveness. What are some of the newer technology innovations you have seen In regards to 1/0 and stock? What are the opposite types of Memory and how much Is recommended? In the past 10 years there have been many changes In technology. We went from burning CDC to downloading songs to an MPH imparter. We went from a big boxed TVs to Flat screen TVs that you coffin nail control with your hand and voice. The memory on these things has Improved as well. With the Cads lone(prenominal) being able to cargo hold around 700MS, while MPH players can hold up to BIBB or more. And hard drives use to only go to 1 TAB, now there are hard drives that can hold up to TPTB or more. My favorite new technology Is the smart phones. Who would have thought back In 2000 that our phones would be small computers, and that there would be an App for everything. From banking to real estate, to even ordering your food right from your phone s APS. Its amazing What are the different types of Memory and how much is recommended? There are several kinds of memory such as RAM, SD and USB.With how much memory is commended is up to the user. If youre going to use the computer for just email and homework and normal tasks then you wont request as much memory or RAM as someone who is using his computer to play video games. Thats cool that you work for Apple. I have never owned or really apply a Mac Computer but that feature that Lion offered called Resume sounds awesome. I can moot of thousands of times that would have come in handy. With working on projects for work or even wiggly reports for school and then the power goes out and there goes all your hard work erased.

Communication for organizations Essay

The mesh was introduced to the world not too long ago. However, since its introduction, it has since grown at an amazing rate. People directly source the meshwork for information, research, and recently, even shopping. Faster modem speeds have caused more pile to rely on the profits as information give the gate be found at an amazing speed. In todays business world, it has now become essential for a play along to have Internet access. There be very few businesses today that do not have their own websites and e-mail address from which the globe can contact them. Below is an analysis of how the Internet has changed communications for organisations.In the past, communications within organisations were for the close to part done either by the term of mouth or by writing memos. By term of mouth, when volume wanted to communicate with a person within the office, he had to either go to the desk to break the respective person the message or do it through the phone. However, o ne problem with this is that the message great power get distorted when passing from one person to another. Furthermore, when passing a message by word of mouth, there is no written evidence of what was said. As such, it would be very difficult to track the agreements do within the 2 parties later on.Another way people used to communicate within organisations without the Internet were by passing memos. They would simply write a memo with their intended message to their colleague and relinquish it on the persons desk or in-tray. However, these memos give a person excessive paperwork and very often durations, the persons desk will be filled up with memos. As a result of this, these memos very often get lost and thus lose its credibility.Companies excessively had a hard sentence communicating with people outside their office organisation, especi everyy with overseas branches. One of the slipway includes using the method cognise as snail mail today. They would send their letters over to their counterparts overseas via mail. Not only did this include a very high cost, this was often a very slow way of communication. A mail would operate a minimum of 3 days before it would reach its recipient This is a very time consuming way of communication and could cost a lodge a lot of money in this fast contemptible business world.Should a company need to send registers out immediately, one of the ways they could do it was via fax. This method, though faster than mail, was still very slow. Fax quality is also not impart loven to be of high. The cost incurred by faxing was also very high. A fax to an overseas country was reason as the same rate as an overseas call. There is also no evidence that the document has been faxed over and conflicts may occur.Basically, communications for organisations without Internet was usually too slow or limited in terms of capacity of information that could be sent over. High costs for postage or faxing were also incurred in these ways.Since the introduction of the Internet, communications within organisations is now do easier. The Internet has provided us with netmails, chat rooms, as well as Internet-to-handphone communications. Furthermore, these programs also provide official records of agreements and conversational exchanges. E-mails and chat transcripts are recognized by the civil court, thus adding validity and trust to the communication process.E-mails are almost instantaneous, ensuring no waste of time in the communication process. An e-mail that was sent in Singapore today can be stock in another country across the world within seconds. With todays fast moving business world, speed in communication is essential and there is a need for real-time information. The E-mail provides a very good solution to this problem.The Internet also provides us with chat programs such as MSN Messenger, ICO and AOL. These programs allow 2 users who are countries apart to communicate to each other instantaneously. The y would be able to know how negotiations across the world are going on and thus be able to make the unavoidable decisions. Furthermore, these programs also allow multi-user chat. This enables many people, all in different countries, to form a discussion and to handicraft information. These programs also have the function of adding a web camera and mike. As such, it would be just standardized a videoconference. However, the best point of all this is that companies incurs little cost for this.These programs are easily downloaded from the Internet and all the company has to pay for is the net time that they use.The Internet also allows file transfers between 2 people. As such, Word documents, Excel spreadsheets and Access databases can be e-mailed from one person to another. This would help a company who is spread across different countries. Company branches around the world could transfer files over to the headquarters who can compile them and access their businesses around the wor ld.The Internet has also made communications between the company and the world a lot easier. Most organisations already have their own website that provides more information to the humanity some their goods and services. They would provide information on the goods/services that they are selling with probably a description and price. The public could then research the company up on their own instead of calling up the company to find out this information.Usually, they would also provide, on their website, a list of frequently asked questions (FAQ) about their company to dissolving agent the publics queries. Most organisations now also have E-mails with which the public can reach them. whole these would save them the manpower required to answer phone calls and channel it to better uses.In general, without the use of the Internet, most of the communication was done either verbally or using hard-copy instrument. As mentioned before, a verbal means of communication lacked written bl ack-and-white evidence of the conversation and a lot is relied on the integrity of the people involved. Hard copy means were also not a very good means of communications, as it would cause excessive paperwork. Furthermore, once the hard copy documents are either lost or destroy accidentally, it would be impossible to trace it back. The Internet has brought with it an ability to transfer documents via soft copy, enabling the recipient to make any necessary amendments to the documents.The Internet also allows companies to communicate better with its customers and the public. It enables customers to communicate with the company without having to personally go to the companys location.The Internet has brought about many changes in the way communications are made within organisations. It has made communication more efficient and has also brought down the cost of communications for companies. It is no wonder that more and more companies are looking to the Internet to solve their communic ation problems.

How can Ebola affect us Essay

Imagine being isolated from your own family and feeling unsure as to whether or not you allow for ever see them again. They do not want to come anywhere both(prenominal) you, for you are a threat to their health. The only visitors who come within 10 feet of you are strangers in encompassing on protective gear. They do not want to expose the slightest bit of skin to you and you cannot see anything overly their eyes. The world fears what you are and no one wants to come close to you. You know death is near, and you are each alone. You can see the mountain of corpses stunned spatial relation the wiry mesh window of your facility, being burnt and impel into mass graves, and you know that you will soon be joining them. This is the life of an Ebola victim.. In the year 1976, Ebola climbed turn out of its unknown hiding place, and caused the death of 280 out of the 318 people who got infected. Thats an 88% fatality rate. Fear gripped the victims, and tormented their minds.The peop le of Zaire waited outside clinics, churches and in their homes for a treatment of the horrible disease, but there was no cure. They were forced to watch people die, hoping that they would be saved from the violent death of the Ebola virus. From the year of 1976 till today, researchers necessitate searched for origin and cure of the virus. Scientist have carried out numerous studies and investigations, but no one has been able to go steady the right explanations. There have been many others out breaks in the past but 2014/15s outbreak has claimed more lives than all of these other outbreaks together, with a staggering 8386 death and counting. It has also spread in the midst of countries dispiriting in Guinea thus spreading across land borders to Sierra Leone calming 3,049 lives and Liberia create 3,515 deaths and to to Nigeria causing 8 deaths. It is believed that the Ebolavirus may have initially been transmitted to humans from bats, and other forms of crotch hair meat like monkeys ect.. from the jungles in central Africa, i know it must sount crazy to you to hear that some people eat monkeys but In some remote areas of Africa it is part of their culture and their way of life. In Africas Congo Basin, people eat an estimated five million tonnes of pubic hair meat per year.The reason that bush meat is so deadly is because some animals mostly bats, can be a host to limited diseases without being harmed, were as us humans cannot carry these diseases without becoming infected. When a someone contracts Ebola they will start to feel the symptoms within the next 2-21 days. The symptoms of Ebola are very(prenominal) distinctive and deadly. If you were to contract Ebola, your experience would be hideous you would start to get bad go pains, but it would just be passed off as a common bug. after that they would then start to amplify in pain until they would wake you up from your sleep, which would be followed by chronic vomiting. Anything you ate would come back up.These symptoms would continue for a few days then you would start to lose weight at an extreme rate. Chest pains would now accompany the stomach aches, by this time you would be very weak with virtually no food in your consistence due to the vomiting and your teeth would start to fall out while you would develop a fucking(a) rash and you would die days later after horrific suffering. But those are just the side effects of whats really happening in your body. Ebola attacks every organ and all of the tissue in the human body except the bones. You develop blood clots on a lower floor the skin. Your organs turn to mush and the under layers of your skin die and liquefy this is what causes the bloody bubbly rash. These things actually happen to Ebola patients every day.Ebola is a very contagious disease this is why Ebola victims have to be kept contained in hospitals and treatment facilities. When it comes to transmission doctors adjudge cleaning themselves after being in cont act with an infected person very seriously. Ebola is transmitted by dint of the passing of boldly fluids, which means if you get fluids from an infected persons body onto your skin, you should be ok but we as humans are constantly rubbing our eyes and eating with our hands so this means that we are still giving the Ebola parasite a chance to enter our body. At the sec there is no cure or vaccination for Ebola. Experiments however are taking place to run intoa vaccination using antibodies of Ebola survivors. This is possible because like any other disease like gnomish pocks and the chicken pox, one you have survived Ebola u rifle immune to it.Scientists are trying to figure out how to copy this into a vaccination. Most people in the uk think that they are completely safe from the disease, and at the moment yes they are. It is extremely unlikely that Ebola at the moment could reach the uk and spread like wildfire. However, every person in West Africa, Sierra Leone, Liberia ect t hat gets infected with Ebola provides it with an opportunity to grow and mutate, if not barricadoped it will eventually maybe in the next year, maybe in the next 10 years become air born. This means that even breathing near an Ebola patient will give u the disease. one time air born it will travel the world and could patiently kill a large role of the earths population. Including you. I hope now you can see why Ebola need stop be stopped. Thanks for listening

Environmental Health and Safety

1) Discuss what may live improper practices for the disposal of flake (solid aches), specially unsteady excesss. 2) Describe the human health problems that could occur if trash (solid wastes), particularly unfounded waste, is improperly given off in your community. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) more commonly known as trash or garbageconsists of everyday items we utilize and then drip away, such as product packaging, grass clippings, furniture, clothing, bottles, nourishment scraps, newspapers, appliances, paint, and batteries.This comes from our homes, schools, hospitals, and businesses (Municipal Solid Waste, 2013). There are many shipway that constitute improper practices for the disposal of trash (solid waste). approximately of the ways include throwing it on the street, flushing down the toilet, fade or drain and in some cases throwing it outright into a body of water system. When flushed down a toilet, sink or drain, household hazardous waste goes through the sewage system to preaching plants not equipped to handle hazardous waste.At treatment plants, hazardous waste interferes with the biological treatment process by killing bacteria and contaminating the wastewater that runs into the ocean. When hazardous waste is thrown on the street, it goes down rage drains leading into our area waterways, impacting the Pacific Ocean, our lakes, and our local beaches. Improper use, storage and disposal of household hazardous products sewer potentially harm our families, children, and pets, pollute our neighborhoods and contaminate our ground, water and air. When thrown in with the regular trash, household hazardous waste lavatory injure sanitation workers.In addition, the hazardous waste may end up in take downfills not intended or permitted for those types of wastes which could in turn impact groundwater. When poured on the ground, household hazardous waste may seep into and contaminate our groundwater or the ocean we swim in. Chemicals affect our everyday lives. They are utilise to produce almost everything we use, from paper and plastics to medicines and nourishment to gasoline, steel, and electronic equipment. More than 70,000 chemicals are used regularly nigh the world. Some occur naturally in the earth or atmosphere others are synthetic, or human-made.When we use and dispose of them properly, they may enhance our timberland of life. But when we use or dispose of them improperly, they can suck up harmful effects on humans, plants, and animals. (Hazardous Substances and Hazardous Waste, 2011). When hazardous wastes are released in the air, water, or on the land they can spread, contaminating even more of the environs and posing greater threats to our health. For example, when rain falls on soil at a waste site, it can carry hazardous waste deeper into the ground and the inherent groundwater.Environmental Health and Safety1) Discuss what may constitute improper practices for the disposal of trash (solid wastes), part icularly hazardous wastes. 2) Describe the human health problems that could occur if trash (solid wastes), particularly hazardous waste, is improperly disposed off in your community.Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)more commonly known as trash or garbageconsists of everyday items we use and then throw away, such as product packaging, grass clippings, furniture, clothing, bottles, food scraps, newspapers, appliances, paint, and batteries. This comes from our homes, schools, hospitals, and businesses (Municipal Solid Waste, 2013). There are many ways that constitute improper practices for the disposal of trash (solid waste). Some of the ways include throwing it on the street, flushing down the toilet, sink or drain and in some cases throwing it directly into a body of water.When flushed down a toilet, sink or drain, household hazardous waste goes through the sewage system to treatment plants not equipped to handle hazardous waste. At treatment plants, hazardous waste interferes with the bio logical treatment process by killing bacteria and contaminating the effluent that runs into the ocean. When hazardous waste is thrown on the street, it goes down storm drains leading into our area waterways, impacting the Pacific Ocean, our lakes, and our local beaches.Improper use, storage and disposal of household hazardous products can potentially harm our families, children, and pets, pollute our neighborhoods and contaminate our ground, water and air. When thrown in with the regular trash, household hazardous waste can injure sanitation workers. In addition, the hazardous waste may end up in landfills not intended or permitted for those types of wastes which could in turn impact groundwater. When poured on the ground, household hazardous waste may seep into and contaminate our groundwater or the ocean we swim in.Chemicals affect our everyday lives. They are used to produce almost everything we use, from paper and plastics to medicines and food to gasoline, steel, and electronic equipment. More than 70,000 chemicals are used regularly around the world. Some occur naturally in the earth or atmosphere others are synthetic, or human-made. When we use and dispose of them properly, they may enhance our quality of life.But when we use ordispose of them improperly, they can have harmful effects on humans, plants, and animals. (Hazardous Substances and Hazardous Waste, 2011). When hazardous wastes are released in the air, water, or on the land they can spread, contaminating even more of the environment and posing greater threats to our health. For example, when rain falls on soil at a waste site, it can carry hazardous waste deeper into the ground and the underlying groundwater.

Sources Of Law Introduction To The Malaysian Legal System Sources Of Law

SOURCES OF pr consummationice of faithfulness excogitation TO THE MALAYSIAN LEGAL SYSTEM SOURCES OF LAW The writers of Malaysian im offendiality refer to the effectual sources i. e. the legal rules that break up the legality in Malaysia. The sources of Malaysian truth comprise 1)Written virtue and 2)Un written faithfulness federal and present geological formations Written Legislations & Delegated Legislations SOURCES OF MALAYSIAN LAW Judicial Decision side of meat law Unwritten Moslem law common regulation SOURCES OF LAW UNWRITTEN LAW Unwritten law is the portion of Malaysian law which is not cosmos enacted by the fan tan or responsibility legislative Assemblies and is not found in the federal & disk operating system geological formations.It is found in causal agents unflinching by the speak tos, local customs duty etc. The oral law comprises the em organic body structureing i. Principles of English law applicable to the local circumstances. ii. Judi cial decisions of a superior courts e. g. the spirited coquettes, courts of Appeal and the national Court. iii. Customs of the local inhabitants which get to been accepted as law by the courts. iv. Islamic law UNWRITTEN LAW ENGLISH LAW English law comprises of the cat valium law, the rules of equity and statutes The common law is the unwritten law which was developed by judges in Eng let down based on customs and usages of the society.The common law is recognized and enforce done decisions of courts rather than through parliament or the executive director branch of the regime. The rules of equity is a body of legal rules formulated and administered by the Court of Chancery in England to supplement the rules and procedures of the common law. Statutes atomic number 18 the laws which ar enacted by the legislature/parliament. Reception and Application of English law in Malaysia ? Started with the informal reception in the Straits Settlement. ? Led to the Malay states thr ough the intervention of the British Resident and advisors. As for the Borneo reads since they became British protectorates in 1888, they too inform t step up ensembley received English Law. ? The English Law was formally received under three statutes ? politeian Law ordering 1956 for Peninsular Malaysia ? Application of Laws Ordinance 1951 for Sabah ? Application of Laws Ordinance 1949 for Sarawak ? All the three statutes are now incorporated into the obliging Law exemplify 1956 ? The principles of English law after part be applied in Malaysia by virtue of section 3 and 5 of the Civil Law number 1956.It provides for the industry of the principles of English law in Malaysian courts provided that ? i) at that place is a lacuna in law, and ? ii)the principles of English law is suitable to the local circumstances. ? Lacuna = a clean-living gap or missing part ?Sec. 3(1)(a) of the Civil Law acquit 1956 provides that the Court shall in western United articulates Malaysia ap ply the English common law and rules of equity as administered in England on 7 April 1956. This message that only English law, which was utilise in England as at 7 April 1956 can be used in West Malaysia.Further development of English law after this date cannot be so applied. However, they whitethorn be persuasive, especially in the absence of local statutory provender or case law. ?Sec. 3(1(b) of the the Civil Law Act 1956 provides that the Court shall in Sabah apply the English common law, rules of equity and statutes of world-wide application as administered or in force in England on 1 December 1951. ?As for Sarawak , sec. 3(1)(c) of the Civil Law Act 1956 allows the Court to use English common law, rules of equity and statutes of general application in force in England on 12 December 1949. English commercial message Law ? As for English commercial law, sec. 5(1) of the Civil Law Act 1956 provides that for West Malaysia (except for Penang and Malacca), the principles of Engl ish commercial law as at 7 April 1956 shall be applied in the absence of local legislation. ? As for the states of Penang, Malacca, Sabah & Sarawak sec. 5(2) of the Civil Law Act 1956 provides that the principles of English commercial law as at the date on which the matter has to be decided is to be used, where in that respect is no Malaysian legislation on that area. However, as on that point are an increase number of Malaysian statutes on commercial law, sec. 5 Civil Law Act 1956 is of diminishing importance. ? The local circumstances article in sec 3 Civil Law Act 1956 is absent in sec 5 Civil Law Act 1956 , but in practice, sec 5 has been interpret as if it is topic to this clause as Shaik Sahied bin Abdullah Bajerai v Sockalingam Chettiar (1933) Section 5 Specific Application Commercial Matters ? S 5(1) All West Malaysia states ( provided Penang & Malacca) apply English Commercial Law including statutes on 7/4/1956 S 5(2) Penang, Malacca, Sabah & Sarawak apply the relev ant and applicable English Commercial Law on the date of attempt HIERARCHY OF COURTS IN MALAYSIA federal Court Courts of Appeal High Courts Sessions Courts Magistrates Courts Penghulus Courts UNWRITTEN LAW discriminative PRECEDENT court decisions which kick in up the ? Judicial decisions are common law of a country. The courts practice law by applying the existing law to new situations and by interpreting legislations. Judicial decisions form part of the law of Malaysia through the principle of juridical precedent. A judicial precedent is commonly defined as a judgment or decision of a court of law cited as authority for the legal principle embodied in its decision. ? Doctrine = a principle The Doctrine of Judicial Precedent. ? This doctrine states that an earlier decision of a high be court is medical dressing on a subsequently lower strayed court, if the facts in both cases are similar. Thus the cases heard in a higher ranked court lay d receive legal principles whic h essential be followed by the lower ranked court. Once a precedent is make, it remains masking unless and until overruled by a later decision. The doctrine of judicial precedent is based on the principle of scan decisis, this means that like cases should be treated alike. The general rule is that all courts are bound to follow decisions make by courts higher than themselves in the causality construction and appellate courts are usually bound by their own previous decisions although there are exceptions. ? stare decisis = reject by what has been ? This practice of following precedent is in addition known as stare decisis (stand by what has been decided).It is a legacy of the English common law system. ? If a judge fails to follow a spine precedent, the decision will be legally wrong and it is likely to be reversed on appeal. Where there is no appeal, it can be overruled in a later case. ? The general rule is, where the subsequent case is in pari materia The Application of t he doctrine of Binding Precedent in Malaysia to the earlier case a) Courts of lower rank in Malaysia are bound to follow the decisions of the courts of higher rank in this country. However, there are exceptions I.When there is a conflict of decision between higher courts of the same rank in the case of dickens conflicting decision of the Court of Appeal, the lower court is entitled to decide which one to follow in the case of two conflicting decision of the federal official Court the lower court must follow the later decision (because it represents the existing state of the law). Dalip Bhagwan Singh v PP (1998) In pari materia = upon the same matter or subject I. The decision of the higher court though not expressly overruled, cannot in the opinion of the court stand with a decision of the Federal Court. II.Distinguishing precedent a judge whitethorn distinguish the case when there are material deviations in facts between the case before him and the case laying down the preceden t. ? pecking order of the Courts Federal Court v Court of Appeal v Superior Cts. High Court v Sessions Court v Magistrates Court Subordinate Cts. ? Only superior courts are entitled to set up judicial precedents whereas the subordinate courts are duty bound to follow precedents. ? The Federal Court ? The highest ranking court and the final appeal court. ? The decisions of the Federal Court are binding on all lower Courts. The Federal Court is only bound by its own decision in civil cases. ? Decision of The Court of Appeal ? The Court of Appeal is bound by the decision of the Federal Court. ? The Court of Appeals decision is binding on all lower courts, including the High Court. ? The Court of Appeal is also bound by its own decision ? Decision of The High Court ? The High Court decision is binding on all subordinate courts. ? The High Court is not bound by its own decision. ? Decision of The Subordinate Court ? The Sessions Courts and Magistrates Courts are bound by the decision of the Superior Courts. The Sessions Court and Magistrates Court decisions are not binding on any court, including themselves . UNWRITTEN LAW CUSTOMS ? The regular pattern of social behaviour, accepted by a ? ? ? ? given society as binding upon itself. Customs are proved through reiterate acts practiced over a long period of time, cuting to the conclusion that by common live with they lose become the accepted norm, or the law of the place, to the exclusion of ordinary law. In Malaysia, the term is also known as adat or native law & custom invention 160 of Federal Constitution includes customs & usages having the force of law in the definition of law.This definition distinguished between customs that have legal consequences and those that do not. ? in that location is no common customary law for all communities. ? Malays Adat Perpatih & Adat Temenggung ? Natives of Sabah & Sarawak Native law & custom ? Chinese Chinese Customary law ? Indian Indian Customary law ? Customary l aw consists of customs and traditions including Malay adat, old Chinese and Hindu customs and native law. UNWRITTEN LAW ISLAMIC LAW ?- Islamic law is another important source of Malaysian law.It refers to the legal rules that are part of the Syariah and enacted as legislation in accordance with the Federal and State Constitution. incorporation of Islamic principles into land laws and banking laws. Islamic law applies to all Muslims and of particular importance are the laws relating to family matters (marriage & divorce) & division of assets/properties of the deceased persons. ? It is increasingly being applied in our local laws e. g. through the ? In Malaysia the Islamic law applied is of the Shafii school of jurisprudence (mazhab), with some modification by Malay adat (customary) law. Islamic law is applicable only to Muslims and is administered in the Syariah court. Except for the Federal Territories, the states have the power to administer the Islamic law. ? phrase 121(1A) of t he Federal Constitution states that the civil courts have no legal power in respects of any matter within the jurisdiction of Syariah court. It posseses civil jurisdiction in proceedings between parties who are Muslims, and hold in twist jurisdictions over offences by Muslims against piety. ? The Sources of Islamic law are The Quran, Sunnah, Ijma, Qiyas etc. SOURCES OF LAW WRITTEN LAW Written law is the most important source of law in Malaysia. It is in writing and includes the following the Federal and State Constitutions, legislations and subsidiary/delegated legislation Federal Constitution is the supreme law of the country and no law can go against it. It sets out the structure of the government and states that Malaysia is a system of parliamentary democracy with no separation of legislative and executive branch. However, the judicial system is a separate branch. The Federal Constitution also states the basic rights of every citizens, such as rights to education, citizenship rights and suffrage rights.There is also freedom to practice ones own religion, although Islam is the religion of the Federation. The State constitution sets out the structure of the state governments and provides for the existence of a State Legislative Assembly in each state. The live on of the state Legislative Assembly is to enact laws for the state. Legislation is enacted by the Parliament at federal take aim and by the state Legislative Assembly at the state level. The Federal and State legislatures are not supreme as they can only enact laws in accordance with the stipulated procedures in the Federal and State Constitutions.Law made by the Parliament is called an Act while law made by the State Legislative Assemblies is called an Enactment or Ordinance. Subsidiary or delegated legislation arises when parliament delegates its rights to make law to another body such as the Minister concerned or a local authority. These laws are known as regulations or by-laws. There is a need for delegation as the Parliaments time is limited and sometimes specialized expertise in certain areas of the law is required WRITTEN LAW national CONSTITUTION ? The meaning of the term Constitution It is used in two senses ?The body of legal and non-legal rules concerning the government of a state ? A single written document having special legal status, which establishes the state, and sets out the structure and powers of the state ? In Malaysia, there are 13 states and three federal territories ? There is one Federal Constitution and 13 States Constitutions ? The Federal Constitution is the supreme law of the land. The FC sets out the structure of the countrys government and states that Malaysia applies the system of parliamentary democracy. It lays down i) the power of the Federal and State Governments ii) fundamental rights of ndividual such as the rights to education, voting & freedom to practice ones own religion, although Islam is the official religion of the countr y. iii) Citizenship iv) the judiciary v) financial provisions vi) Public table services vii) Relationship between Federation and the States viii) etc. WRITTEN LAW earth CONSTITUTION ? Each state has its own constitution. ? This constitution regulates the government of that particular state. ? The powers of a state is provided in the State List of the Federal Constitution. Example of matter which drop-offs under the State List is Islamic singularized and family laws. WRITTEN LAW LEGISLATION Also known as primary legislation ? Refers to law enacted by ? Parliament at federal level ? State Legislative Assemblies at state level ? Article 74(1) Parliament makes laws on matters listed in the Federal List or Concurrent List ? Article 74(2) State Legislature makes laws on matters listed in the State List or Concurrent List. ? Article 75 if state law conflicting with federal law the federal law prevails. Types of Legislation ACTS Enacted by Parliaments ENACTMENTS Enacted by Stat e Legislative Assemblies ORDINANCES Promulgated by the YDPA During Emergency & Laws enacted by Sarawak State Legislative Assembly Laws enacted by the Parliament btw 1st Apr 1946 10th Sept 1959 ? Also known as delegated/ subordinate legislation ? Law made through powers delegated by the legislature to a WRITTEN LAW SUBSIDIARY LEGISLATION body or person via a parent statute ? Sec 3 of the Interpretation Act 1948 & 1967 defines SL as ? whatever proclamation, rule, regulation, order, notification, bylaw or other instrument made under any Act, Ordinance or other rule-governed authority & having legislative effect. ? Why SL is needed i. The legislature has insufficient time ii.Better to leave the highly good aspect of the legislation to the experts or administrators on the job iii. The legislature is not continuously in posing & the procedures are cumbersome The Federal Constitution The general features of the Malaysian Federal Constitution ? The Supremacy of the Federal Constitutio n. In Ah Thian v Government of Malaysia (1976), Suffian LP pointed out that the doctrine of Parliamentary Supremacy does not apply in Malaysia. Here we have a written constitution. The power of Parliament and state legislatures in Malaysia is limited by the Constitution. The legislature, the executive and the judiciary and all institutions created by the Federal Constitution and deriving their powers from it are subject to the provisions of the Federal Constitution. Article 4(1) of the FC declares that the FC is the supreme law of the federation and any law passed after the merdeka day that is inconsistent with FC is (to the extent of the inconsistency) void. Art 162 pre merdeka laws shall be applied with such modifications as whitethorn be necessary to make them accord with the FC In Dewan Undangan Negeri Kelantan & Anor v. Noordin Bin Salleh & Anor.The Supreme Court declared that a law passed by the Kelantan State Legislative Assembly to be void as the said state law contrave ned the provisions of the Federal Constitution that guaranteed the freedom of association. ? Fundamental Liberties/ Basic Human Rights ? The Constitution highlights and safeguards certain fundamental human rights necessary for the continuance of human race. ? The constitution protects our freedom an restrains any law or any other power from encroaching and taking away our basic rights. ? Examples o Article 5 No one shall be deprived of his life or personal iberty except through the provisions of law. A person may not be unlawfully detained, he must be informed of the ground of his arrest and must be produced before a Magistrate within 24 hours. o Article 6- prohibits slavery and forced labour. o Article 7- protects against retrospective criminal laws and repeated trials. o Article 8 provides for equality before the law and equal protection of the law. o Article 9 provides for freedom of movement o o o o Article 10 freedom of speech, expression and association. Art 11 Rights to profess & practice & spread out religion Art 12 Rights of education Art 13 Rights to propertyRestraints ? Art 5 i) Govt. entitled to infract/prevent individual from leaving/visiting country for various reasons. E. g. political boycott, threat of war, pending criminal charges, etc . , ii) Internal Security Act detention w/o trial exempted from complying with Art 5 ? Art 6 compulsory service for national purposes work incidental to serving of imprisonment are not considered slavery/labor force ? Art 7 the acquitted/convicted can be subjected to disciplinary execution by a domestic tribunal for the same offence, OR being tried under difference statute Art 8 Art 153 allows reservation of quotas for bumiputras AG is given power to discriminate individual for public interest Certain people enjoy immunity. E. g. monarch, diplomat, special rapporteur for UN ? Art 9 subject to prohibition order made by Deputy Minister of Home Affairs under s 2(i) of curtail Residence Enactm ent ? Art 10 Freedom of speech Defamation Act 1957, Sedition Act 1948, Official Secrecy Act, Printing Presses & Publications Act 1984 Freedom of Assembly Permit is sin qua non. Has to satisfy the law of nature the assembly is not prejudicial & excite disturbance of peace Art 11 Propagation is subjected to clause 4 where the state & federal law may restrict, control the act of propagation of any religion among persons professing Islam Clause 5 In exercising religious practices, The FC forbids any act which may lead to public disorder, affect public health or public morality. Case (Halimatussaadiah v Public Service Commission, Malaysia, Anor 1992 ? Art 12 subject to Art 152 national language and Art 153 bumiputra quotas. Case Merdeka University v Govt of Msia 1982 ? Art 13 subject to acquisition by the govt. ut entitled to receive fair & sensible compensation. Case Kjaan Negeri Johor & Anor v Adong bin Kuwau & Ors 1998 ? Amendment of the Federal Constitution ? All institutio ns created by the Federal Constitution and deriving their powers from it are subject to the provisions in Federal Constitution . ? The provisions that are written in the Federal Constitution can only be amend by certain methods provided for by the Federal Constitution itself. ? Article 159 provides for 4 methods by which the Federal Constitution can be amended 1. Requiring Special Majorities 2. Requiring Consent of Conference of Ruler 3.Requiring Consent of Sabah & Sarawak 4. Not requiring Special Majorities atomS/CLASSIFICATIONS OF LAW ? Legal rules can be divided up in many different ways. ? Not all legal rules are of the same type ? They show differences in purpose, in origin and form, in the consequences when the rules are breached and in matters of procedure, remedies and enforcement. EXAMPLES OF DIVISION OF LEGAL RULES ? 1. statute v common/case law ? 2. criminal law v civil law ? 3. national law v international law ? 4. public law v snobby law Criminal law v civil law ? Cri minal law means the law relating to umbrage. Civil law means the law not relating to crime. ? The difference relies in the nature of the proceedings and the sanctions that may follow DIFFERENCES BETWEEN A CRIME AND A CIVIL WRONG CRIME ? 1. A crime is a public CIVIL WRONG ? 1. A civil wrong is an wrong. It constitutes breaches and violations of public rights and duties due to the alliance as a whole. infringement of a private civil right which belongs to an individual. ? 2. A crime is prosecuted by ? 2. A civil wrong is filed by the public prosecutor on behalf of the government criminal charges cannot be filed by an individual.An act is a crime if the sanction is enforced at the discretion of the state apply a criminal procedure. the damaged or wronged individual. An act is a civil wrong if the sanction is enforced at the discretion of the party whose right has been violated, using a civil procedure. ? 3. If the outcome of the ? 3. Civil wrongs are usually procedure is penalisati on in the form of sentencing after a finding of guilt, then the act or wrong is a crime. Crimes are punishable by imprisonment, fines or capital punishment. resolved through awarding monetary damages to the wronged individual.If the outcome is a judgment for damages, compensation, restitution, declaration of rights, order of specific performance, a prerogative order, etc. , then the act or wrong is a civil wrong. ? 4. The punishment for ? 4. There is no set limit on crimes has already been set down in rule and punishment is generally decided by the type of crime that was committed, the seriousness of the offence and, in some instances, the bill of the offender. the amount one found guilty of a civil wrong can be made to pay. PUBLIC LAW V PRIVATE LAW ? Public law is concerned with the distribution nd exercise of power by the state and the legal relations between the state and the individual. ? For example, the rules governing the powers and duties of local authorities, the regulatio n of building standards, the issuing of passports, the compulsory purchase of land to build motorway all fall within the ambit of public law. ? Private law is concerned with the legal relationships between individuals such as the liability of employers towards their employees for injuries sustained at work, consumers rights against shopkeepers and manufacturers over faulty goods or owners rights to prevent others walking across their land.